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As discussed below, the NYSSL and NYCPSL impose similar paid sick leave requirements on employers, though the amendments to the NYCPSL expand employers’ obligations and strengthen New York City’s enforcement mechanisms.

New York State Paid Sick Leave Law

Under the new NYSSL, all New York State employers must provide sick leave that accrues for each employee at a rate of at least 1 hour for every 30 hours worked (which is the same accrual rate provided under the New York City and the Westchester County sick leave laws).  Alternatively, employers may “frontload” or provide the full amount of sick leave at the beginning of each year.

The amount of sick leave that employers must provide is based on the employer’s size and net income in a given calendar year.  The minimum leave requirements of employers for each calendar year are as follows:

  • 4 or fewer employees and a net income less than $1 million: 40 hours of unpaid sick leave
  • 4 or fewer employees and a net income greater than $1 million or 5-99 employees: 40 hours of paid sick leave
  • 100 or more employees: 56 hours of paid sick leave

Employees must start accruing sick leave as of September 30, 2020 or at the commencement of their employment (whichever is later), but employees are not entitled to use any accrued sick leave under the NYSSL until January 1, 2021.  Employers may set a minimum increment for use of sick leave, not to exceed four hours.

Employees may carry over accrued, unused sick leave to the next calendar year, though employers can limit the use of sick leave per calendar year to 40 hours (for employers with fewer than 100 employees) or 56 hours (for employers with 100 or more employees).  Employers are not required to pay an employee for any accrued, unused NYSSL upon separation of employment.

Employees may use NYSSL for (1) a mental or physical illness, injury, or health condition of an employee or the employee’s family member; (2) the diagnosis, care or treatment of an existing health condition of, or preventive care for, an employee or an employee’s family member (or a ward for whom the employee is the guardian); or (3) an employee or an employee’s family member who is a victim of domestic violence, a sexual offense, stalking or human trafficking in order to avail themselves of services or assistance as a result of such incidents.  Employers may not require disclosure of confidential information relating to an illness, injury, or health condition of the employee or the employee’s family member, or information relating to absence from work due to domestic violence, a sexual offense, stalking, or human trafficking.

“Family member” includes an employee’s child (biological, adopted, or foster child, a legal ward, or a child of an employee standing in loco parentis), spouse, domestic partner, parent (biological, foster, step, adoptive, legal guardian, or person who stood in loco parentis when the employee was a minor child), sibling, grandchild, or grandparent, as well as the child or parent of an employee’s spouse or domestic partner.

Employers must track the amount of sick leave accrued by each employee and maintain that information for at least six years.  If an employee requests a summary of the amount of sick leave they have accrued and used in the current or any previous calendar year, the employer must provide that information within three business days.

As a practical matter, employers should (1) ensure that their employees are accruing NYSSL leave immediately, (2) track each employee’s accruals for use starting no later than January 1 (if the employer uses an accrual system), and (3) develop or revise their sick leave policies to incorporate the NYSSL’s requirements.

If an employer has an existing sick leave policy that provides for at least the same amount of leave and satisfies the other requirements of the NYSSL, the employer is not required to provide any additional leave.

Employers should note that the NYSSL leave benefits are separate from the New York State COVID-19-related paid sick leave benefits that took effect on March 18, 2020 (discussed here), such that benefits under both laws should not run concurrently.  In the coming weeks, the New York State Department of Labor will likely issue guidance on the NYSSL to help employers implement the new law and to clarify the interplay between the NYSSL, New York’s COVID-19 sick leave law, and the existing sick leave laws in New York City and Westchester County.

NYC Paid Sick Leave Law

Effective September 30, 2020, NYC has aligned the NYCPSL accrual rate and usage purposes with the new NYSSL, and has increased the amount of sick leave employers must provide under NYCPSL to match the NYSSL.  (Previously, employers were only required to provide up to 40 hours of paid sick leave.)  Employees are not entitled to use any additional paid leave provided under the amendments to the NYCPSL until January 1, 2021.

Under the revised NYCPSL, effective September 30, 2020, employers must also:

  • Allow employees to use safe and sick leave as it accrues, and eliminate any new-employee waiting periods for use of accrued leave;
  • Note, on each employee’s pay statement or another document provided to the employee each pay period, the amount of paid sick and safe leave accrued and used during each pay period, a the employee’s accrued leave balance;
  • Reimburse employees for any fees associated with obtaining required medical documentation supporting the need for leave; and
  • Notify employees of the new changes within 30 days of the effective date of the new law (e., by October 30, 2020) and continue to provide new employees with a notice of rights upon commencement of employment.

Other notable changes to the NYCPSL include:

  • Requiring any employer who employs even one domestic worker in NYC to provide 40 hours of paid sick leave;
  • Clarifying that the law’s anti-retaliation provisions are implicated when an employee’s use of NYCPSL is a motivating factor for an adverse employment action (even if other factors contribute to the decision); and
  • Permitting the NYC Department of Consumer and Worker Protection (“DCWP”) to bring “pattern or practice” enforcement actions with expanded capabilities, including new subpoena and investigative powers, and that could incorporate civil penalties up to $15,000 and an extra $500 in damages for each employee who was not permitted to utilize NYCPSL leave.

The DCWP is in the process of updating its guidance materials for employers and will soon issue a revised Notice of Employee Rights that employers should distribute to employees by October 30, 2020.

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Photo of Lindsay Burke Lindsay Burke

Lindsay Burke co-chairs the firm’s Employment Practice Group and regularly advises U.S., international, and multinational employers on employee management and culture issues and international HR compliance. She is a key member of the firm’s Institutional Culture and Social Responsibility practice, working together with…

Lindsay Burke co-chairs the firm’s Employment Practice Group and regularly advises U.S., international, and multinational employers on employee management and culture issues and international HR compliance. She is a key member of the firm’s Institutional Culture and Social Responsibility practice, working together with white collar colleagues to conduct culture assessments, internal investigations of executive misconduct, and civil rights and racial equity audits and assessments. Lindsay has been at the forefront of the changing workplace issues impacting employers in the U.S. in the last decade, including #MeToo, Covid-19, and the renewed focus on diversity, equity, and inclusion. She frequently advises employers in relation to their processes and procedures for investigating complaints of discrimination, harassment, and retaliation and trains executive teams and board members on culture risk and the lawful implementation of DEI programs.

Lindsay also guides employers through the process of hiring and terminating employees and managing their performance, including the drafting and review of employment agreements, restrictive covenant agreements, separation agreements, performance plans, and key employee policies and handbooks. She provides practical advice against the backdrop of the web of state and federal employment laws, such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Equal Pay Act, the Family and Medical Leave Act, the Fair Labor Standards Act, and the False Claims Act, with the objective of minimizing the risk of employee litigation. When litigation looms, Lindsay relies on her experience as an employment litigator to offer employers strategic advice and assistance in responding to demand letters and agency charges.

Lindsay works frequently with the firm’s privacy, employee benefits and executive compensation, corporate, government contracts, and cybersecurity practice groups to ensure that all potential employment issues are addressed in matters handled by these groups. She also regularly provides U.S. employment law training, support, and assistance to start-ups, non-profits, and foreign parent companies opening affiliates in the U.S.

Photo of Carolyn Rashby Carolyn Rashby

Carolyn Rashby provides business-focused advice and counsel to companies navigating the constantly evolving and overlapping maze of federal, state, and local employment requirements. Carolyn’s approach is preventive, while recognizing the need to set clients up for the best possible defense should disputes arise.…

Carolyn Rashby provides business-focused advice and counsel to companies navigating the constantly evolving and overlapping maze of federal, state, and local employment requirements. Carolyn’s approach is preventive, while recognizing the need to set clients up for the best possible defense should disputes arise.

As a senior member of Covington’s Institutional Culture and Social Responsibility Practice Group, Carolyn has co-led significant investigations into workplace culture, DEI issues, and reports of sexual misconduct and workplace harassment.

As an employment lawyer with over two decades of experience, Carolyn focuses on a wide range of compliance and regulatory matters for employers, including:

  • Conducting audits regarding employee classification and pay equity
  • Advising on employment issues arising in corporate transactions
  • Strategic counseling on a wide range of issues including discrimination and harassment, wages and hours, worker classification, workplace accommodations and leave management, performance management and termination decisions, workplace violence, employment agreements, trade secrets, restrictive covenants, employee handbooks, and personnel policies
  • Drafting employment contracts and offer letters, separation agreements, NDAs, and other employment agreements
  • Advising on employee privacy matters, including under the California Consumer Privacy Act
  • Providing guidance on use of AI in the workplace and development of related policies
  • Leading anti-harassment and other workplace-related trainings, for employees, executives, and boards

Carolyn also works frequently with the firm’s white collar, privacy, employee benefits and executive compensation, corporate, government contracts, and cybersecurity practice groups to ensure that all potential employment issues are addressed in matters handled by these groups.

Photo of Teresa Lewi Teresa Lewi

Teresa Lewi represents and counsels companies on a wide range of federal, state, and local employment laws. She focuses her practice on trade secrets, non-competition, executive compensation, separation, employee mobility, discrimination, workplace privacy, and wage-and-hour issues.

Teresa represents clients in the life sciences…

Teresa Lewi represents and counsels companies on a wide range of federal, state, and local employment laws. She focuses her practice on trade secrets, non-competition, executive compensation, separation, employee mobility, discrimination, workplace privacy, and wage-and-hour issues.

Teresa represents clients in the life sciences, technology, financial services, sports, and entertainment industries. She has successfully tried cases in federal and state courts, and has resolved numerous disputes through alternative dispute resolution methods. In particular, Teresa has helped companies achieve highly favorable outcomes in high-stakes disputes over the protection of trade secrets and enforcement of agreements with employees. In addition, she defends companies against public accommodation and website accessibility claims under federal and state anti-discrimination laws.

Teresa also conducts specialized internal investigations and assessments designed to help companies protect their confidential information and trade secrets from employee misappropriation and cybersecurity incidents.