On March 24, 2025 Governor Patrick Morrisey of West Virginia signed into law H.B. 2354 which will impose a ban on the use of specified food additives, including seven food dyes, in food, drink, confectionery, or condiment products in the state. In passing this law, West Virginia became the first state to broadly ban food dyes, other than Red Dye No. 3, from foods sold broadly throughout the state.

The new West Virginia law is structured to take effect in two phases:

  • Phase 1: Effective August 1, 2025, the law will ban the use of Red Dye No. 3, Red Dye No. 40, Yellow Dye No.5, Yellow Dye No. 6, Blue Dye No.1, Blue Dye No.2, and Green Dye No. 3 in any meal served in a school nutrition program.
  • Phase 2: Effective January 1, 2028, the law will ban the manufacture for sale, offer for sale, or sale in West Virginia of any food product containing butylated hydroxyanisole, propylparaben, Blue Dye No. 1, Blue Dye No. 2, Green Dye No. 3, Red Dye No. 3, Red Dye No. 40, Yellow Dye No. 5, and Yellow Dye No. 6. Based on the structure of the law, it appears that foods containing these ingredients would be prohibited from being sold as of the effective date, regardless of their date of manufacture. The law establishes that violators will be found guilty of a misdemeanor subject to a fine not to exceed $500 or imprisonment of less than one year.

West Virginia’s actions come in the context of a larger trend of increased scrutiny of food and color safety, including specifically for food dyes. On January 15, 2025, FDA issued an order revoking authorizations for the use of FD&C Red No. 3 in food and ingested drugs. On October 7, 2023, California enacted California Assembly Bill 418, the California Food Safety Act, prohibiting the manufacture, sale, or distribution of food products in California containing BVO, Red Dye No. 3, potassium bromate, or propylparaben. Additionally, on September 28, 2024, California also passed Assembly Bill 2316, the California School Food Safety Act, which, like Phase 1 of the West Virginia law, prohibits the use of Red Dye No. 40, Yellow Dye No. 5, Yellow Dye No. 6, Blue Dye No. 1, Blue Dye No. 2, and Green Dye No. 3 in K-12 schools.

Covington will continue to monitor these activities and keep our clients and contacts updated.

If you have any questions concerning the material discussed in this client alert, please contact the members of our Food, Beverage, and Dietary Supplements practice.

Print:
Email this postTweet this postLike this postShare this post on LinkedIn
Photo of Miriam Guggenheim Miriam Guggenheim

Miriam Guggenheim, co-chair of Covington’s Food, Drug and Device Practice Group, assists a broad range of major food and dietary supplement companies in achieving their marketing goals while minimizing regulatory and litigation risks. She also helps clients successfully navigate crises such as recalls…

Miriam Guggenheim, co-chair of Covington’s Food, Drug and Device Practice Group, assists a broad range of major food and dietary supplement companies in achieving their marketing goals while minimizing regulatory and litigation risks. She also helps clients successfully navigate crises such as recalls and unwanted Congressional or regulatory attention. In addition to her work for individual clients, Miriam serves as outside counsel to a number of key trade associations, helping them accomplish broad industry objectives by engaging with the FDA, FTC, and Congress. Chambers USA notes, Miriam is “incredibly sharp and very responsive” and a client reports, “I rely on Miriam tremendously to help me find ways forward in difficult and novel situations, and she never fails to deliver.”

As the food industry faces new challenges – including scrutiny of ingredients and food packaging materials, concerns about heavy metals and other contaminants, attention to “ultra-processed foods,” and increasing consumer fraud litigation and Prop 65 demand letters – Miriam remains at the forefront of legislative and regulatory changes and food policy and litigation trends. She draws on this deep knowledge and insight to advise clients on all aspects of food development and marketing, from product ingredient sourcing and manufacturing considerations to food labeling and marketing. Partnering with Covington colleagues in international offices, Miriam helps clients solve regulatory problems across the globe.

Read more about Miriam GuggenheimEmail
Show more Show less
Photo of Deepti Kulkarni Deepti Kulkarni

Drawing from over a decade of experience working in both FDA’s Office of Chief Counsel and private practice, Deepti Kulkarni provides strategic advice to clients on a wide range of complex matters involving FDA and USDA regulatory oversight. She has played a key…

Drawing from over a decade of experience working in both FDA’s Office of Chief Counsel and private practice, Deepti Kulkarni provides strategic advice to clients on a wide range of complex matters involving FDA and USDA regulatory oversight. She has played a key role in the development and implementation of the regulatory frameworks for alternative proteins as well as bioengineered food and agriculture products.

Deepti advises companies developing and marketing animal products, foods, dietary supplements, and cosmetics at nearly every step of the product lifecycle. She also counsels clients on potential crises, such as product recalls, import refusals, and other regulatory actions.

Deepti previously served as an Associate Chief Counsel in the FDA’s Office of Chief Counsel. While at FDA, she counseled various components of FDA and HHS on a broad scope of issues related to animal products, foods, dietary supplements, and cosmetics, as well as cross-product matters involving imports and exports, advisory committees, and constitutional issues. Deepti received several awards during her time at the FDA, including the FDA Award of Merit (FDA’s highest award), Commissioner’s Special Recognition Award, and the CFSAN Director’s Special Citation Award.

Read more about Deepti KulkarniEmail
Show more Show less
Photo of Jessica O'Connell Jessica O'Connell

Jessica O’Connell co-chairs Covington’s market-leading global Food, Drug, and Device Practice Group. Drawing from nearly twenty years of experience working at FDA and in private practice, Jessica provides strategic advice to a broad range of companies and trade associations in navigating regulatory frameworks…

Jessica O’Connell co-chairs Covington’s market-leading global Food, Drug, and Device Practice Group. Drawing from nearly twenty years of experience working at FDA and in private practice, Jessica provides strategic advice to a broad range of companies and trade associations in navigating regulatory frameworks and engaging with food and drug regulatory bodies and Congress. She works closely with clients to develop product strategies that are low-risk from both a regulatory and litigation perspective while also meeting marketing goals and objectives. She also regularly counsels clients regarding potential crises, such as recalls, regulator investigations, and other unanticipated regulatory attention.

Chambers USA reports that Jessica “is enthusiastic, exceptionally smart and a talented lawyer who brings tremendous insight from being a regulator” and that she “knows how best to interact with the FDA in a productive and efficient way.”

Jessica’s practice focuses on food and beverages, dietary supplements, cosmetics, and OTC drugs. She has engaged with Congress and state legislators on cosmetic and drug legislative efforts and alternative protein and other food labeling requirements, and has represented clients in both FDA and FTC investigations, including negotiating consent decrees and responding to civil investigative demands, and actively practices before the NAD. Jessica has specific expertise regarding the regulatory framework for new and emerging food technologies, including alternative protein ingredients and products and specialized nutrition products such as infant formula and medical foods, the marketing of cosmetics and OTC drugs, including sunscreens, Proposition 65, organic labeling, the federal and state legal landscapes surrounding the development and marketing of products containing CBD, and claim substantiation requirements, as well as manufacturing and supply chain requirements under FSMA and FDA’s implementation of MoCRA.

Jessica also has an active pro bono practice, with a particular focus on issues relating to reproductive rights and health care access.

Before joining Covington, Jessica served as Associate Chief Counsel in FDA’s Office of Chief Counsel. While at FDA, Jessica counseled various components of FDA and HHS on a broad range of food, cosmetic, and drug legal issues, including FDA’s implementation of FSMA, nutrition initiatives, cosmetic oversight, and FDA’s work investigating foodborne illness outbreaks and related actions, including recalls and other enforcement activities. In addition, Jessica provided legal counsel to the agency and Department regarding FDA’s import and export activities for all FDA-regulated products.

Read more about Jessica O'ConnellEmail
Show more Show less
Photo of Jeannie Perron Jeannie Perron

Jeannie Perron is a member of the firm’s Food and Drug Practice Group, resident in the Washington, DC Office.

In addition to being an attorney, Jeannie also holds a degree in veterinary medicine and has practiced as a veterinarian.  She specializes in food…

Jeannie Perron is a member of the firm’s Food and Drug Practice Group, resident in the Washington, DC Office.

In addition to being an attorney, Jeannie also holds a degree in veterinary medicine and has practiced as a veterinarian.  She specializes in food and drug law, with a sub-specialty in animal food and drug law.  In this capacity, she represents companies that manufacture feed, feed ingredients, drugs, biologics and medical devices for animals, as well as clients in related industries.

Her specialties also include advising clients and providing representation on matters before the United States Department of Agriculture arising under the Animal Welfare Act.  Her clients are animal research companies, pharmaceutical companies, and animal dealers and exhibitors.

Another specialized area of practice relates to the importation of animal-derived ingredients and products.  Jeannie advises clients on USDA regulations and procedures in this area and assists clients in securing the required permits and certifications.

In addition to these other practice areas, Jeannie also advises clients in the regulation of dietary supplements, over-the-counter drugs, cosmetics for humans, and import and export of products regulated by the United States Food and Drug Administration as well as those having animal or microbially-derived ingredients regulated by USDA. 

Read more about Jeannie PerronEmail
Show more Show less
Photo of Sophie DeBode Sophie DeBode

Sophie DeBode is an associate in the firm’s Washington, DC office where she is a member of the Food, Drug, and Device Practice Group. She advises and assists clients with various regulatory and compliance issues.

 

Read more about Sophie DeBodeEmail