It may begin with an unusual media inquiry or a sudden spike in interest on social media. Just as often, it starts with a non-public request for documents or other evidence. Your boss or your staff have been accused of wrongdoing, and it falls to you to lead the response.

In recent months, Members of Congress and their staff have faced an unprecedented array of investigative threats, alongside significant departures from the traditional ways in which such investigations are conducted. And in recent years, several Members of Congress have been investigated, charged, and in some cases convicted. Aggressive investigators targeting Members and their staff can derail a campaign or disrupt an office’s legislative agenda. Indeed, even where there is no actual evidence of wrongdoing, an investigation itself can quickly become an overwhelming distraction for any office. With the 2026 midterms on the horizon, the possibility of—and risks associated with—investigations targeting Members and their staff will continue to rise.

In this highly-politicized environment, taking the right steps in the first hours and days after an inquiry begins can mean the difference between a swift (ideally, non-public) resolution and a years-long crisis. Much the same, where an inquiry does become widely known, an office’s public messaging can significantly affect the course and outcome of an investigation. With a Member’s senior staff often responsible for directing the office’s initial response, it is more important than ever for Chiefs of Staff and other senior staffers to be prepared before an investigation begins.

In this alert, we outline “best practices” to help Chiefs navigate their way through the opening stages of an investigation, including tips to avoid common mistakes that too often make an investigation more damaging than it might have otherwise been.

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Photo of Robert Kelner Robert Kelner

Robert Kelner is the chair of Covington’s nationally recognized Election and Political Law Practice Group.  He counsels clients on the full range of political law compliance matters, and defends clients in civil and criminal law enforcement investigations concerning political activity. He also leads…

Robert Kelner is the chair of Covington’s nationally recognized Election and Political Law Practice Group.  He counsels clients on the full range of political law compliance matters, and defends clients in civil and criminal law enforcement investigations concerning political activity. He also leads the firm’s prominent congressional investigations practice.

Rob’s political law compliance practice covers federal and state campaign finance, lobbying disclosure, pay to play, and government ethics laws. His expertise includes the Federal Election Campaign Act, Lobbying Disclosure Act, Ethics in Government Act, Foreign Agents Registration Act, and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

He is also a leading authority on the arcane rules governing political contributions and marketing activities by registered investment advisers and municipal securities dealers.

Rob’s political law clients include numerous multinational corporations, many of which are household names.  He counsels major banks, hedge funds, private equity funds, trade associations, PACs, political party committees, candidates, lobbying firms, and politically active high-net-worth individuals. He has represented the Republican National Committee, National Republican Congressional Committee, and National Republican Senatorial Committee.  He also advises Presidential political appointees on the complex vetting and confirmation process.

As a partner in the firm’s White Collar Defense & Investigations practice group, Rob regularly defends clients in congressional investigations before virtually every major congressional investigation committee.  He also defends corporations and others in investigations by the Federal Election Commission, the Public Integrity Section of the U.S. Department of Justice, federal Offices of Inspector General, and the House & Senate Ethics Committees.  He has prepared many CEOs and corporate executives for testimony before congressional investigation panels. He regularly leads the Practicing Law Institute’s training program on congressional investigations for in-house lawyers.  In addition, he is frequently retained to lead internal investigations and compliance reviews for major corporate clients concerning lobbying and campaign finance law issues.

Rob has appeared as a commentator on political law matters on The PBS News Hour, CNBC, Fox News, and NPR, and he has been quoted in the New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, Associated Press, Legal Times, Roll Call, The Hill, Politico, USA Today, Financial Times, and other publications.

Rob is Chairman of Covington’s Professional Responsibility Committee and a General Counsel of the firm.  He also currently serves as Chairman of the District of Columbia Bar’s Legislative Practice Committee, and he previously was appointed by the President of the American Bar Association to serve on the ABA’s Standing Committee on Election Law.

Photo of Dana Remus Dana Remus

Drawing on her prior experience in government service, Dana Remus advises clients on public policy issues, government regulatory enforcement trends, election and political law matters, congressional investigations, and ethics matters. Dana represents clients in a variety of industries on a range of issues…

Drawing on her prior experience in government service, Dana Remus advises clients on public policy issues, government regulatory enforcement trends, election and political law matters, congressional investigations, and ethics matters. Dana represents clients in a variety of industries on a range of issues, including technology with a focus on artificial intelligence, financial services, FinTech, energy, and consumer goods.

Dana joined Covington after serving as Assistant to the President and White House Counsel for President Biden. In this role, Dana led the administration’s effort to confirm a historic number of judicial nominees, including U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson. As White House Counsel, Dana advised on a range of matters and policy initiatives, including implementation of bipartisan legislation and high-profile congressional investigations.

Dana also previously led the Biden-Harris campaign’s legal team as General Counsel, and served as senior advisor to the Harris-Walz campaign. In the Obama administration, she served as Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Counsel for ethics and following the administration, she served as General Counsel of the Obama Foundation, and General Counsel of the personal office of President and Mrs. Obama.

Previously, Dana was a Professor of Law at the University of North Carolina School of Law, where she specialized in legal and judicial ethics and the regulation of the legal profession. She also taught at the University of New Hampshire School of Law, and as an inaugural faculty member at the newly established Drexel University College of Law.

Dana clerked for Justice Samuel Alito of the U.S. Supreme Court of the United States and Judge Anthony Scirica of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.

Photo of Angelle Smith Baugh Angelle Smith Baugh

Angelle Smith Baugh is of counsel in the firm’s Election and Political Law and White Collar Litigation practice groups. She has significant experience in broad-based crisis management, advising clients on legal and political matters presenting complex risks.

Angelle’s practice focuses on defending companies…

Angelle Smith Baugh is of counsel in the firm’s Election and Political Law and White Collar Litigation practice groups. She has significant experience in broad-based crisis management, advising clients on legal and political matters presenting complex risks.

Angelle’s practice focuses on defending companies and individuals in high-profile congressional investigations, as well as other criminal, civil, and internal investigations. She represents clients before House and Senate Committees, as well as in criminal and civil government investigations before the Public Integrity Section of the Department of Justice, Federal Election Commission, and the Office of Congressional Ethics.

She assists companies and executives responding to formal and informal inquiries from Congress and executive branch agencies for documents, information, and testimony. She has experience preparing CEOs and other senior executives to testify before challenging congressional oversight hearings.

Angelle also has experience and expertise navigating federal and state ethics laws, and provides ongoing political law advice to companies, trade associations, PACs, and individuals.

Photo of Perrin Cooke Perrin Cooke

Perrin Cooke is special counsel in the firm’s Washington, DC office and a member of the White Collar Defense and Investigations, Election and Political Law, and Public Policy Practice Groups, with a focus on assisting clients responding to high-profile congressional investigations.

Drawing on…

Perrin Cooke is special counsel in the firm’s Washington, DC office and a member of the White Collar Defense and Investigations, Election and Political Law, and Public Policy Practice Groups, with a focus on assisting clients responding to high-profile congressional investigations.

Drawing on his experience in government, most recently as Deputy General Counsel at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Perrin advises clients on matters presenting significant legal, political, and reputational risks. During the Biden Administration, Perrin served as the lead attorney on oversight matters across two federal agencies. In this capacity, he guided the development of strategic responses to congressional requests and subpoenas touching on a range of topics. Through his work in both government and private practice, Perrin has extensive experience preparing witnesses – including numerous corporate executives, cabinet secretaries, and other senior government officials – appearing in briefings, transcribed interviews, and hearings before congressional oversight committees.

In addition to his investigations practice, Perrin advises clients – including political campaigns, advocacy organizations, trade associations, and corporations – on a wide variety of election and political law compliance matters.

Photo of Kaitlyn Demers Kaitlyn Demers

Kaitlyn Demers is an associate in the firm’s Washington, DC office. She has significant experience in broad-based crisis management, advising clients on legal and political matters presenting complex risks. She has served two administrations–most recently as Special Assistant to the President and Chief…

Kaitlyn Demers is an associate in the firm’s Washington, DC office. She has significant experience in broad-based crisis management, advising clients on legal and political matters presenting complex risks. She has served two administrations–most recently as Special Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff for the Office of Legislative Affairs.

Kaitlyn represents companies and individuals facing high-profile and high-risk congressional investigations and hearings, and other criminal, civil, and internal investigations that present legal, political, and public relations risks.

Photo of William Sokolove William Sokolove

William Sokolove is an associate in the Congressional Investigations, Election and Political Law, and White Collar Defense and Investigations Practice Groups. He advises clients cooperating with and responding to high-profile investigations before Congress and the Department of Justice that entail significant legal and…

William Sokolove is an associate in the Congressional Investigations, Election and Political Law, and White Collar Defense and Investigations Practice Groups. He advises clients cooperating with and responding to high-profile investigations before Congress and the Department of Justice that entail significant legal and reputational risks. He is familiar with each phase of the investigatory process, including preparing for congressional hearings and responding to subpoenas and requests for documents.

William is an active member of the firm’s LGBTQ+ Resource Group and maintains a robust pro bono practice. He has significant experience litigating on behalf of tenants facing eviction.

William was a law clerk on the Senate Judiciary Committee and worked on successful congressional and state attorney general campaigns.

Photo of Stephanie Nnadi Stephanie Nnadi

Stephanie Nnadi is an associate in the Congressional Investigations, Election and Political Law, and White Collar Defense and Investigations Practice Groups. Stephanie represents clients responding to or preparing for high-profile investigations and hearings before Congress and federal agencies, particularly in matters involving significant…

Stephanie Nnadi is an associate in the Congressional Investigations, Election and Political Law, and White Collar Defense and Investigations Practice Groups. Stephanie represents clients responding to or preparing for high-profile investigations and hearings before Congress and federal agencies, particularly in matters involving significant legal, political, and reputational risks. Stephanie also regularly assists clients in compliance with federal and state campaign finance, election, and lobbying laws. Additionally, Stephanie maintains an active pro bono practice focused on civil and human rights and government transparency.