On May 7, 2026, the Department of Defense (“DoD”) issued a proposed rule that would fundamentally expand the scope of foreign ownership, control, or influence (“FOCI”) disclosure and risk mitigation requirements for a significant number of companies that serve the national defense. The proposed rule, together with DoD Instruction (“DoDI”) 5205.87 (issued in 2024), would for the first time require many contractors and subcontractors performing unclassified work to disclose their beneficial ownership and FOCI status to the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (“DCSA”), register in the National Industrial Security System (“NISS”), and—as necessary—implement and maintain FOCI risk mitigation measures.

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Photo of David Fagan David Fagan

David Fagan co-chairs the firm’s top ranked practice on cross-border investment and national security matters, including reviews conducted by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), and is a partner in the firm’s data privacy and cybersecurity practice.

David has…

David Fagan co-chairs the firm’s top ranked practice on cross-border investment and national security matters, including reviews conducted by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), and is a partner in the firm’s data privacy and cybersecurity practice.

David has been recognized by Chambers USA and Chambers Global for his leading expertise on bet-the-company CFIUS matters and has received multiple accolades for his work in this area, including being named The American Lawyer’s Dealmaker of the Year three times. His work includes successfully securing three of the four Presidential approvals in the history of CFIUS; securing the only Presidential order protecting a client against a proposed hostile takeover; and negotiating the only “golden share” the U.S. government has taken in a U.S. company. Clients laud him for “[seeing] far more matters than many other lawyers,” his “incredible insight,” and “know[ing] how to structure deals to facilitate regulatory reviews” (Chambers USA).

For more than two decades, David has handled transactions for clients across every sector subject to CFIUS review, including some of the most sensitive and complex matters that have set the template for CFIUS compliance and security agreements in their respective industries. He is also routinely called upon to rescue transactions that encounter challenges in CFIUS; provide strategic counsel to clients on navigating and addressing U.S. national security considerations in commercial transactions; and negotiate solutions with the U.S. government, including equity arrangements, that protect national security interests while preserving shareholder value and U.S. business interests.

In the enforcement area, David has represented clients in numerous enforcement actions pursued by CFIUS, including two of the three largest penalty cases resolved with CFIUS.

Reflecting his experience on complex U.S. national security matters intersecting with China, David is regularly engaged by the world’s leading multinational companies to advise on emerging legal issues, including outbound investment restrictions and regulations governing information and communications technologies and services (ICTS), as well as strategic legal projects related to the evolving U.S.-China competitive landscape.

In addition, in the foreign investment and national security area, David routinely advises clients on matters requiring mitigation of foreign ownership, control, or influence (FOCI) under applicable national industrial security regulations. His work includes advising many of the world’s leading aerospace and defense companies and private equity firms, as well as telecommunications transactions subject to public safety, law enforcement, and national security review by Team Telecom.

Photo of Heather Finstuen Heather Finstuen

Heather Finstuen has extensive experience advising clients on cross-border investment and U.S. national security matters, negotiating and implementing mitigation agreements, and leading internal investigations and responding to government inquiries related to U.S. national security risks. Clients regard Heather as “very thoughtful” and “superb…

Heather Finstuen has extensive experience advising clients on cross-border investment and U.S. national security matters, negotiating and implementing mitigation agreements, and leading internal investigations and responding to government inquiries related to U.S. national security risks. Clients regard Heather as “very thoughtful” and “superb at translating legal requirements to business realities” (Chambers USA).

Heather represents domestic and international companies in numerous industries in securing the approval of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS). She frequently advises clients on national industrial security program regulations and engages with the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency, the Department of Energy, and other cognizant security agencies on the determination and mitigation of foreign ownership, control, or influence (FOCI).

Heather has expertise in identifying CFIUS and FOCI mitigation solutions that support commercial strategic objectives and translating complex mitigation requirements into pragmatic business practices. She has been involved in many complex CFIUS and FOCI matters across all industry sectors, including Brookfield Asset Management and Cameco’s $7.9 billion acquisition of Westinghouse; Advent International’s $14 billion consortium investment in McAfee and $6.4 majority investment in Maxar Technologies; BAE Systems’ $5.5 billion acquisition of Ball Aerospace and $2 billion combined acquisition of Collins Aerospace’s military GPS business and Raytheon’s military radios business; Peugeot’s $58 billion merger with Fiat Chrysler Automobiles to create Stellantis N.V.; Nexen Inc.’s $15 billion sale to China National Offshore Oil Corporation; and GlobalFoundries’ $1 billion acquisition of the IBM Microelectronics Division.

Heather counsels U.S. government contractors on National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual (NISPOM) requirements, obtaining and maintaining facility and personnel security clearances, safeguarding requirements, and supply chain considerations. Heather has led numerous internal investigations relating to U.S. national security issues and compliance concerns and has counseled U.S. government contractors in connection with internal investigations, mandatory disclosures, federal inquiries and investigations, and compliance policies and procedures.

Heather was recognized as a Law360 International Trade MVP for 2021 and 2024.

Before joining the firm, Heather served as a law clerk to the Honorable Carolyn Dineen King of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.

Photo of Scott A. Freling Scott A. Freling

Scott Freling co-chairs the firm’s Government Contracts practice and is recognized by Chambers USA as a leading practitioner. He divides his practice between representing civilian and defense contractors in traditional government contracts matters and guiding buyers and sellers—including a number of leading private…

Scott Freling co-chairs the firm’s Government Contracts practice and is recognized by Chambers USA as a leading practitioner. He divides his practice between representing civilian and defense contractors in traditional government contracts matters and guiding buyers and sellers—including a number of leading private equity firms—through the regulatory aspects of complex M&A deals involving government contractors.

Chambers USA ranks Scott as a Band 1 lawyer for Government Contracts M&A. Scott is sought after for his regulatory expertise and his ability to apply that knowledge to the transactional environment. He has extensive experience leading classified and unclassified due diligence reviews of government contractors, negotiating transaction documents, and assisting with integration and other post-closing activities. He has served as the lead government contracts lawyer in dozens of M&A deals, with a combined value of more than $80 billion. Scott’s notable transactions include Warburg Pincus and Berkshire Partners’ take-private acquisition of TRIUMPH for $3 billion, Advent International’s take-private acquisition of Maxar Technologies for $6.4 billion, Aptiv’s acquisition of Wind River for $3.5 billion, and Veritas Capital’s sale of Alion Science and Technology to Huntington Ingalls Industries for $1.65 billion.

Scott also represents contractors at all stages of the procurement process and in their dealings with federal, state, and local government customers. He handles a wide range of government contracts matters, including compliance counseling, contract terminations, claims, disputes, audits, and investigations. Scott frequently advises contractors on organizational conflicts of interest and government intellectual property rights. He also counsels clients on risk mitigation strategies, including obtaining SAFETY Act liability protection for anti-terrorism technologies.

Law360 has recognized Scott as a MVP in Government Contracts. He was a founding co-chair of the Mergers and Acquisitions Committee of the ABA’s Public Contract Law Section.

Photo of Nooree Lee Nooree Lee

Nooree Lee represents government contractors in all aspects of the procurement process and focuses his practice on the regulatory aspects of M&A activity, procurements involving emerging technologies, and international contracting matters.

Nooree advises government contractors and financial investors regarding the regulatory aspects of…

Nooree Lee represents government contractors in all aspects of the procurement process and focuses his practice on the regulatory aspects of M&A activity, procurements involving emerging technologies, and international contracting matters.

Nooree advises government contractors and financial investors regarding the regulatory aspects of corporate transactions and restructurings and – more recently – on equity investments by the U.S. government. His experience includes preparing businesses for sale, negotiating deal documents, coordinating large-scale diligence processes, and navigating pre- and post-closing regulatory approvals and integration. He has advised on 40+ M&A deals involving government contractors totaling over $30 billion in combined value. This includes Veritas Capital’s acquisition of Cubic Corp. for $2.8 billion; the acquisition of Perspecta Inc. by Veritas Capital portfolio company Peraton for $7.1 billion; and Cameco Corporation’s strategic partnership with Brookfield Renewable Partners to acquire Westinghouse Electric Company for $7.8+ billion.

Nooree also counsels clients focused on delivering emerging technologies to public sector customers. Over the past several years, his practice has expanded to include advising on the intersection of government procurement and artificial intelligence. Nooree counsels clients on the negotiation of AI-focused procurement and non-procurement agreements with the U.S. government and the rollout of federal and state-level regulations impacting the procurement and deployment of AI solutions on behalf of government agencies.

Nooree also counsels clients navigating the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program and Foreign Military Financing (FMF) arrangements. Nooree has advised both U.S. and ex-U.S. companies in connection with defense sales to numerous foreign defense ministries, including those of Australia, Israel, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

In addition to his government contracts advising, Nooree assists clients with navigating federal Freedom of Information Act and state public records requirements, including objecting to a government agency’s proposed release of a company’s proprietary information.

Nooree maintains an active pro bono practice focusing on appeals of denied industrial security clearance applications and public housing and housing discrimination matters. In addition to his work within the firm, Nooree is an active member of the American Bar Association’s Section of Public Contract Law and has served on the Section Council and the Section’s Diversity Committee. He also served as the firm’s Fellow for the Leadership Council on Legal Diversity program in 2023.

Photo of Kayleigh Scalzo Kayleigh Scalzo

Ranked by Chambers USA among government contracts practitioners, Kayleigh Scalzo represents government contractors in bid protests and other high-stakes litigation matters with the government and other private parties. She has litigated bid protests in a wide variety of forums, including the Government Accountability…

Ranked by Chambers USA among government contracts practitioners, Kayleigh Scalzo represents government contractors in bid protests and other high-stakes litigation matters with the government and other private parties. She has litigated bid protests in a wide variety of forums, including the Government Accountability Office, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, FAA Office of Dispute Resolution for Acquisition, federal and state agencies, and state courts.

Kayleigh a co-chair of the American Bar Association Public Contract Law Section’s Bid Protest Committee. She is also a frequent speaker on bid protest issues.

Kayleigh maintains an active pro bono practice focused on immigration issues and gender rights.

Photo of Jonathan Wakely Jonathan Wakely

Jonathan Wakely practices at the intersection of national security and the private sector, advising clients on a range of significant foreign direct investment, national security, cybersecurity, supply chain security, and public policy matters. He has particular expertise representing leading global investors and U.S.

Jonathan Wakely practices at the intersection of national security and the private sector, advising clients on a range of significant foreign direct investment, national security, cybersecurity, supply chain security, and public policy matters. He has particular expertise representing leading global investors and U.S. companies in securing U.S. national security-related regulatory approvals for foreign investments, and has advised on transactions with a combined value of over $250 billion.

Jonathan regularly represents clients before the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), the Committee for the Assessment of Foreign Participation in the United States Telecommunications Services Sector (better known as “Team Telecom”), and the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA) in proceedings related to the mitigation of foreign ownership, control, or influence (FOCI). Clients regard Jonathan as an “industry veteran,” commenting that he’s “fantastic,” “an excellent lawyer,” and applauding his “great understanding of CFIUS work” (Chambers USA).

Jonathan has represented clients on national security reviews in virtually all sectors, including semiconductors, telecommunications, financial services, software, IT services, energy, and real estate. His representations include, for example, the landmark CFIUS-based defense of Qualcomm against the attempted hostile takeover by Broadcom; securing CFIUS approval for the $7.9 billion acquisition of Westinghouse by Brookfield Asset Management and Cameco; and securing approval from Team Telecom for Univision’s $4.8 billion merger with Televisa. He has negotiated and advised companies on compliance with many of the most significant, complex, and sensitive national security agreements of the past decade.

Jonathan regularly advises clients on emerging areas of national security regulation, including outbound investment screening and the Biden Administration’s executive orders on protecting sensitive personal data and information and communications technology and services (“ICTS”). Clients also turn to Jonathan for advice on strategic business and policy matters related to U.S.-China competition. He is regularly engaged by multinational businesses—including some of the world’s leading technology companies—to assist in developing legal and business strategies related to positioning with respect to China.

Jonathan has been recognized by various publications for his work on national security matters, including as one of the world’s leading foreign investment lawyers under 40 by Global Competition Review, as a “DC Rising Star” by The National Law Journal, as a “Rising Star” by Law360, and as a leading CFIUS expert by Chambers USA.

In addition to his legal practice, he is an adjunct professor at the Georgetown University Law Center, where he teaches a course on national security and the private sector. Jonathan has also published extensively on matters related to the regulation of foreign investment; his articles have appeared in the Harvard National Security Journal, The International Lawyer, and the Global Trade and Customs Journal.

Before joining Covington, he served as a political analyst with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), where he provided strategic analysis to the President and other senior policymakers.

Photo of Stephanie Barna Stephanie Barna

Stephanie Barna draws on over three decades of U.S. military and government service to provide advisory and advocacy support and counseling to clients facing policy and political challenges in the aerospace and defense sectors.

Prior to joining the firm, Stephanie was a senior…

Stephanie Barna draws on over three decades of U.S. military and government service to provide advisory and advocacy support and counseling to clients facing policy and political challenges in the aerospace and defense sectors.

Prior to joining the firm, Stephanie was a senior leader on Capitol Hill and in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). Most recently, she was General Counsel of the Senate Armed Services Committee, where she was responsible for the annual $740 billion National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA). Additionally, she managed the Senate confirmation of three- and four-star military officers and civilians nominated by the President for appointment to senior political positions in DoD and the Department of Energy’s national security nuclear enterprise, and was the Committee’s lead for investigations.

Previously, as a senior executive in the Office of the Army General Counsel, Stephanie served as a legal advisor to three Army Secretaries. In 2014, Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel appointed her to be the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs. In that role, she was a principal advisor to the Secretary of Defense on all matters relating to civilian and military personnel, reserve integration, military community and family policy, and Total Force manpower and resources. Stephanie was later appointed by Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis to perform the duties of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, responsible for programs and funding of more than $35 billion.

Stephanie was also previously the Deputy General Counsel for Operations and Personnel in the Office of the Army General Counsel. She led a team of senior lawyers in resolving the full spectrum of issues arising from Army wartime operations and the life cycle of Army military and civilian personnel. Stephanie was also a personal advisor to the Army Secretary on his institutional reorganization and business transformation initiatives and acted for the Secretary in investigating irregularities in fielding of the Multiple Launch Rocket System and classified contracts. She also played a key role in a number of high-profile personnel investigations, including the WikiLeaks breach. Prior to her appointment as Deputy, she was Associate Deputy General Counsel (Operations and Personnel) and Acting Deputy General Counsel.

Stephanie is a retired Colonel in the U.S. Army and served in the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General’s Corps as an Assistant to the General Counsel, Office of the Army General Counsel; Deputy Staff Judge Advocate, U.S. Army Special Forces Command (Airborne); Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Manpower & Reserve Affairs); and General Law Attorney, Administrative Law Division.

Stephanie was selected by the National Academy of Public Administration for inclusion in its 2022 Class of Academy Fellows, in recognition of her years of public administration service and expertise.

Photo of Ryan Burnette Ryan Burnette

Ryan Burnette is a government contracts and technology-focused lawyer that advises on federal contracting compliance requirements and on government and internal investigations that stem from these obligations. Ryan has particular experience with defense and intelligence contracting, as well as with cybersecurity, supply chain…

Ryan Burnette is a government contracts and technology-focused lawyer that advises on federal contracting compliance requirements and on government and internal investigations that stem from these obligations. Ryan has particular experience with defense and intelligence contracting, as well as with cybersecurity, supply chain, artificial intelligence, and software development requirements.

Ryan also advises on Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS) compliance, public policy matters, agency disputes, and government cost accounting, drawing on his prior experience in providing overall direction for the federal contracting system to offer insight on the practical implications of regulations. He has assisted industry clients with the resolution of complex civil and criminal investigations by the Department of Justice, and he regularly speaks and writes on government contracts, cybersecurity, national security, and emerging technology topics.

Ryan is especially experienced with:

Government cybersecurity standards, including the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP); DFARS 252.204-7012, DFARS 252.204-7020, and other agency cybersecurity requirements; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) publications, such as NIST SP 800-171; and the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) program.
Software and artificial intelligence (AI) requirements, including federal secure software development frameworks and software security attestations; software bill of materials requirements; and current and forthcoming AI data disclosure, validation, and configuration requirements, including unique requirements that are applicable to the use of large language models (LLMs) and dual use foundation models.
Supply chain requirements, including Section 889 of the FY19 National Defense Authorization Act; restrictions on covered semiconductors and printed circuit boards; Information and Communications Technology and Services (ICTS) restrictions; and federal exclusionary authorities, such as matters relating to the Federal Acquisition Security Council (FASC).
Information handling, marking, and dissemination requirements, including those relating to Covered Defense Information (CDI) and Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI).
Federal Cost Accounting Standards and FAR Part 31 allocation and reimbursement requirements.

Prior to joining Covington, Ryan served in the Office of Federal Procurement Policy in the Executive Office of the President, where he focused on the development and implementation of government-wide contracting regulations and administrative actions affecting more than $400 billion dollars’ worth of goods and services each year.  While in government, Ryan helped develop several contracting-related Executive Orders, and worked with White House and agency officials on regulatory and policy matters affecting contractor disclosure and agency responsibility determinations, labor and employment issues, IT contracting, commercial item acquisitions, performance contracting, schedule contracting and interagency acquisitions, competition requirements, and suspension and debarment, among others.  Additionally, Ryan was selected to serve on a core team that led reform of security processes affecting federal background investigations for cleared federal employees and contractors in the wake of significant issues affecting the program.  These efforts resulted in the establishment of a semi-autonomous U.S. Government agency to conduct and manage background investigations.

Photo of Eunsun Cho Eunsun Cho

Eunsun Cho is an associate in the Government Contracts Practice Group. She assists clients on a range of regulatory and compliance issues.

Eunsun also maintains an active pro bono practice.

Photo of Jacob Crump Jacob Crump

Jacob Crump is an associate in the firm’s Washington, DC office, where he is a member of the firm’s top-ranked cross-border investment and national security regulatory practice group. He also maintains an active pro bono practice.

Jacob advises clients on a range of…

Jacob Crump is an associate in the firm’s Washington, DC office, where he is a member of the firm’s top-ranked cross-border investment and national security regulatory practice group. He also maintains an active pro bono practice.

Jacob advises clients on a range of issues related to foreign investment in U.S. companies. He represents companies before the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), the Committee for the Assessment of Foreign Participation in the United States Telecommunications Services Sector (informally referred to as “Team Telecom”), and the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA). Jacob also advises clients on sensitive national security investigations and compliance matters, including mitigation agreements with CFIUS and issues under the National Industrial Security Program (NISP). He also advises clients on emerging national security-focused regulatory regimes, including the Treasury Department’s recently issued rule regulating outbound investment.

Jacob’s pro bono work has included representation of military families in an action over on-base housing conditions, a federal prisoner in habeas proceedings, a group of educational institutions in an amicus brief before the Supreme Court of the United States, a U.S. service-member seeking statutory insurance benefits following a life-altering injury, and an individual in asylum proceedings in U.S. immigration court.

Prior to joining the firm, Jacob clerked for the Honorable G. Murray Snow of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona and the Honorable S. Kyle Duncan of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.

Photo of Darby Rourick Darby Rourick

Darby Rourick is a government contracts lawyer that advises on federal contracting compliance requirements and on government and internal investigations that stem from these obligations. She has particular experience in federal cybersecurity and information technology supply chain issues. Darby has an active investigations…

Darby Rourick is a government contracts lawyer that advises on federal contracting compliance requirements and on government and internal investigations that stem from these obligations. She has particular experience in federal cybersecurity and information technology supply chain issues. Darby has an active investigations practice and advises contractors when faced with cyber incidents involving government information, as well as representing contractors facing allegations of cyber fraud under the False Claims Act. She also counsels clients on cybersecurity incident response; compliance with federal cybersecurity laws, regulations, and standards; supplier and subcontractor security issues; and cybersecurity related investigations.

Darby has particular regulatory experience with:

Government cybersecurity supply chain issues like the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC), DFARS 7012, and NIST SP 800-171 requirements; and
Information handling, marking, and dissemination requirements, including those relating to Covered Defense Information (CDI) and Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)

She also assist clients when allegations of non-compliance arise with procurement requirements, such as in the following areas:

Procurement fraud and FAR mandatory disclosure requirements;
Allegations of violations of cybersecurity regulation;
Cyber incidents and data spills; and 
Compliance with MIL-SPEC requirements, the Qualified Products List, and other sourcing obligations.